A healthy nail must be good - to be smooth and even.Its color must be beige or slightly pinkish, which is due to the presence of blood vessels under it.When defects appear, the nail can lose a normal color, become dark or painted in different color.When the thickness changes, the nails become disorderly and seem sloppy.In some diseases, nail plates can be distorted until they disappear.
Development malformations can be both congenital and acquired.In the first case, this is due to damage to the Ectoderme-Fabric predecessor of the nail.It looks like a deformation of the nail or its absence immediately after the birth of a child.
Acquired defects can develop for various reasons.The most common problem is a fungus which, in one form or another, is present in every third person.The fungus can not only be external, in which only the plate is affected, but also by interns - the tissue of the finger can be affected by their subsequent destruction.
In addition, these diseases can cause deformation step by step:
- Psoriasis - With this pathology, the thickness of the nails changes.It becomes denser than usual and unpleasant to the touch.In addition, pain develops - on palpation, discomfort is felt.Multi -overly spots develop under the plaque - from red to purple - this indicates hemorrhage.When the infection is attached, suppuration with hematomas under the nail can be observed.Local detachments of the skin can be observed - the cavities form in these places which give their hands a disorderly appearance.The subsequent development of the disease can cause onycholysis.
- Eczema is often accompanied not only by local defeat, but also by generalized.In other words, in addition to damage to plates, skin symptoms can also be observed.Eczema manifests itself by changes in the nail roll and the plate directly.The tissues become swollen, the coat can develop.The affected surface itches and hurts.At the same time, the nail becomes dull and pale, its stratification or its fragility is possible.
In addition to these reasons, the deformation can be caused by a fungal infection of the nail plate.
The fungus is a disease which, with an reckless attitude, can cause complete destruction of the plate.At the initial stage, this manifests only by a change in color and thickening, at the end, the defeat leads to the loss of the nail plate.
Signs of infection by a fungus
When onychomycosis infection, there is no intensive pain and disability - therefore people often prefer not to notice it.In addition, the fungus at its early stage does not manifest itself by changes expressed in the nail plate and it is difficult to distinguish.
First, itching the skin of the feet appear.It is intense and can distract work or rest.It is caused by the propagation of microorganisms in the dermis, which is perceived by the body as an irritation.With constant itching, a person can be disturbed by sleep and appetite.When combing the skin, it is likely to bring bacteria in microfirms, then the annexation of a secondary infection will develop.
If the treatment measures are not taken, organic changes in the nail and the tissues occur.The plate becomes muddy and opaque, the spots and scratches develop on it, which can both clear and dark - it depends on the pathogen.
A shade change indicates that the yeast fungus completely captures the fabric of the plate.Often the color is becoming yellow, but brown and white can also occur.
The fragility and fragility of the nails also indicate the fungal process.At the same time, the nails are divided, become messy.For this reason, painful ingredients or a thaw of the nail of his bed in the event of an injury may occur.
If all these symptoms appear or at least one of them, you should consult a doctor on treatment - without this, the disease can take a chronic form.
Stages of infection development
Unlike many pathologies, nail fungi is a developing disease slowly.It is characterized by a progressive flow difficult to miss.Mushroom therapy is effective at an early stage, therefore, the more the help is provided, the better.
The initial step often does not manifest itself visually.Therefore, it is impossible to show what the fungus of the nails in the legs look like in the photo in the initial stage.But the first symptoms already appear at this time.An anxious bell compared to the fungus is an itching of the intense skin, which intensifies throughout the day and reaches the greatest intensity at night.The only sign that can be subjected to the idea of a fungal infection is the appearance of a pathological color of the nail - this manifests itself by the development of stains and scratches from pale yellow to a white shade.There may be dark areas.
The normotrophic lesion stage manifests itself in moderate symptoms.This is highlighted by the fact that the nail has not yet been thickened and that the pronounced deformation is not observed.However, spots and scratches become extremely distinct and visible for others.In addition, an unpleasant smell that comes from the feet joins.If you do not start treatment, the disease will inevitably go to the last stage.
With a hypertrophic lesion, a thickening not only of the plate itself, but also surrounding tissues is observed.This manifests itself by the deformation of the nail, it can change the direction of growth, collapse and break even a slight effect on it.Consequently, the nail can be reduced, in its place in a severe course of the disease, the new plate does not develop.
In the presence of a concomitant pathology, the transition from the first step to launch occurs extremely quickly, in a few weeks.This can happen due to the presence of immunodeficiency, cancer and weakness of the body, which develops in old age.
Injections in adults also cause the development of the disease.This can be direct damage to the nail, as well as the surrounding tissues, when, due to the insufficiency of blood circulation, nail metabolism changes.For the moment, ideal conditions are created for a fungus.
With obesity and diabetes mellitus, the fungus of the nails on the legs develops in 95 cases out of 100. This is due to the fact that fungal microorganisms receive much necessary for the growth and reproduction of substances - for example glucose and lipids.Therefore, in these patients, pathology is extremely difficult.
Nail fungus when he is infected with dermatophytes
Dermatophytes are the most common cause of pathology.Infecting them is quite simple - through towels, current showers or even interior slippers.
This type of fungus has two dangerous representatives who can also cause fungal lesions - it is Trichophyton Rubrum and Trichophyton Mentagrophytes.
The first representative begins to penetrate under the nail plate from its free edge, while moving further.Signs of infection by this fungus - a change in color of the nails on the legs with pink to yellow with a black interspersed, the texture of the plate deteriorates - it becomes brittle and fragile, collapses with physical exposure.
For a precise diagnosis, you should know what the fungus of the nails looks like.The most characteristic feature is the appearance of a nail detachment near its lateral edge.In this space, the accumulation of dirt occurs, which is favorable to the development of microorganisms.During this period, it is always possible to get rid of the fungus without loss of nail, simply using ointments and creams parallel to antifungal pills.
There is a distal form so called the disease, which manifests itself by the start of the lesion in the nail bed.This form is much less common, because to enter it, microorganism is necessary for the front door - a microfiron or other damage.This situation is not uncommon after an injury.With this option, it is necessary to completely remove the nail plate, because any conservative treatment will be ineffective.
If the cause of the fungus is Trichophyton Mentagrophytes, then the signs of the disease will be as follows:
- Thickness - there will be a significant hypertrophy of the plate with the presence of deformations and defects of the fabric;
- The color of the plate becomes intensively yellow, with a shade of honey;
- An abscess on a finger near the nail appears;
- At the late stage, the skin lesion is also joined - in interdigital gaps, the coat and the whipping of the skin is observed;
- The appearance of white bands and spots develops - these are the places where the parasitic fungus most intensively;
- In hand, this type of pathogens never parasites.
To get rid of this fungus, it is necessary to undergo the correct treatment correct with oral drugs and local remedies - gels and ointments.
In serious cases, you may need to eliminate cleaning nails and laser to eliminate microorganisms.This method has many positive criticisms.It is forbidden to use varnish.
Changes in the nail when infected with a fungus of the genre
This disease is characterized by damage not only to the tissues on the limbs, but also to the location on the brush.The main hand is more often affected, for example, the hand due to the right is the right hand.According to frequent contact with water, the disease progresses faster.
One characteristic of this disease is damage to the point of the box.Over time, more tissues are captured - first the cell division area, then the free edge.
With this disease, more often than others, secondary infection occurs.The candidiasis is accompanied by pain in the roller and the bed, on the palpation, it is possible to secrete a serous or purulent discharge.
The nail is gradually deformed and rises above the skin, its thickness can reach several millimeters.At the same time, the nail becomes like waves, which manifests itself by the presence of the so -called scallops which can go to different directions.However, with candidiasis, the most common form of damage to the nail is a horizontal blackening precisely.
In severe pathology, the nail is gradually separated from the nail bed, this is accompanied by discomfort and pain.In the event of accidental trauma of such a nail, it is possible, accompanied by significant bleeding.The surface of the wound in this case is delayed for a long time.
If the fungus affects the free edge of the nail, this is often combined with a generalized skin or shape.It is called distal.This variant of the course of the disease passes stronger and is more difficult to treat.The distal form indicates that human immunity is weakened and affected by microorganisms.
The treatment of candidiasis differs in different forms and stages of the disease.At the beginning, you can try to influence microorganism using local means, but with a generalized or quickly progressive form, you should take systemic oral drugs.In addition, if there are signs of significant damage to the fungus, it is necessary to prescribe a complete medical examination for the search for diseases that have reduced the level of immunity.
Changes in the nail with damage caused by molds
Defeat with mold mushrooms is less common than the rest of the pathogens.This is due to the fact that a person is not so often in contact with this type of microorganism because of their specificity.Most often, these fungi are infected in the context of an existing lesion.The most favorite colony, which the mold joins, is Trichophyton Mentagrophytes.In this context, you can often see the combined effects of fungi and bacteria.
This disease is characteristic of the elderly.During this period, a decrease in cellular immunity and the body weakening occur, because of which fungi develop more intensively.
A characteristic of these pathogens is their selectivity.They do not affect the skin and soft tissues, located exclusively on the nails.
Among the causal agents, the largest number of types are the most found:
- Alternaria - This fungus determines the development of the nail deformation and hyperkeratosis.In order to recover from this disease, it is necessary to eliminate the nail plate, as microorganisms are extremely deep in the fabric and it is quite difficult to eliminate them.
- Scytalidium decrease - Most often, such microorganisms appear in patients with diabetes.In order to get rid of such a fungus, it is necessary to carefully monitor the level of glucose in the blood and to be observed in parallel with the endocrinologist.
- Scopulariopsis brevicaoulis is more often found in public places, for example in baths, swimming pools, showers.When located in nail plates, there is a change in their color from pink to white.
- The fusarium is common in rural areas, it is a lot in the ground, from which it can easily pass into fabric.This fungus, when penetrating into the body, can cause a yeast infection of internal organs, which is very difficult to treat.Therapy of such a terrible disease should only be carried out in the hospital, as the treatment is serious enough for the patient.
Damage to mold therapy is very complex because it is necessary to treat the body with several colonies with microorganisms.In order to produce fairly high quality therapy, a combination of antibiotics and antifungal drugs is used.In serious cases, they are not administered orally, but intravenously.